The slaves.
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Africans played various roles in the transatlantic slave trade, including capturing and enslaving fellow Africans, selling captives to European slave traders, and working as middlemen. However, it's important to note that African involvement in the slave trade was complex and not unified, as some African societies resisted the trade while others actively participated in it for economic gain or to gain advantage over rival groups.
Race played a significant role in the African slave trade as it was largely based on the belief of white superiority over black individuals. Europeans justified enslaving Africans by labeling them as inferior due to their race, which allowed for the systematic exploitation and forced labor of millions of Africans. This racial ideology perpetuated the dehumanization and mistreatment of enslaved individuals throughout the slave trade.
African tribes participated in the transatlantic slave trade by capturing and selling individuals from rival tribes as slaves to European slave traders. Some tribes also profited from the trade by serving as middlemen for European slave traders. However, it's important to note that the majority of Africans enslaved and sent to the Americas were captured and sold by Europeans, rather than by their fellow Africans.
Africans played various roles in the continuation of the transatlantic slave trade, including capturing and enslaving individuals from rival groups during intertribal warfare, serving as middlemen in the trade by capturing people and selling them to European slave traders, and participating in the transportation of enslaved individuals to the coast for sale. However, it's important to note that African participation in the slave trade was complex and often forced or influenced by European colonial powers and traders.
Some Africans participated in the slave trade due to economic incentives, like receiving goods in exchange for slaves. They may have also been motivated by competition between different African groups and kingdoms. European incentives such as firearms and other technology also played a role in encouraging some Africans to collaborate in the capture and sale of other Africans.
Africans became slaves through various means, such as being captured in wars, being kidnapped, or being sold by other Africans. European colonizers played a significant role in the transatlantic slave trade by forcibly enslaving Africans and transporting them to the Americas to work on plantations.