Network topology is the physical design of a LAN which resolves the conflict that occurs between computers on the network attempting to transmit at the same time. Whereas protocols are the standards used by networks to permit communication between network-connected devices.
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ISL IS A CISCO PROPRIETARY TUNNELING PROTOCOL, BUT 802.1 q IS A OPEN STANDARD PROTOCOL
A spanning tree protocol, or STP, is characteristic to a LAN. It provides a loop-free topology for networks within the system.
SSL (Secure Socket Layer,) is a protocol. Most Cisco VPNs will use SSL as their security protocol, so there is no difference between Cisco VPN and SSL VPN.
IP is the internet protocol that uniquely identifies a system on a network and there is no difference between IP and IPv4 infact IPv4 is a version of like IPv6.
TCP and UDP are both communication network protocols. TCP protocol in its essence is to guarantee delivery of information, and in the order sent. UDP protocol is lighter, by fact of not checking for the connection to be ready to receive on the other end, not checking if the information getting to the other end is correctly received.