true
true
humoral immunity
humoral immunity
humoral immunity
Yes
Antiviral immunity targets viruses by recognizing viral antigens and activating immune responses specific to viral infections. Antibacterial immunity targets bacteria by recognizing bacterial antigens and activating immune responses specific to bacterial infections. The mechanisms of immune cell activation, the types of cells involved, and the specific responses generated differ between antiviral and antibacterial immunity.
specific immunity
Bacteria can acquire immunity to viruses through several mechanisms, primarily by utilizing a system known as CRISPR-Cas. This system allows bacteria to store segments of viral DNA and use them to recognize and defend against future infections by the same virus. Additionally, horizontal gene transfer can occur, where bacteria exchange genetic material, potentially acquiring genes that confer resistance to viral attacks. Lastly, mutations in bacterial genomes can also lead to changes that provide immunity against specific viruses.
Immunity is the body's defense mechanism against pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances. It involves two main types: innate immunity, which provides immediate but non-specific protection, and adaptive immunity, which develops over time and targets specific invaders. The immune system utilizes various cells, such as lymphocytes (B cells and T cells), to recognize and remember pathogens, enabling a quicker and more effective response upon subsequent exposures. Additionally, antibodies produced by B cells neutralize pathogens, while T cells help destroy infected cells or assist other immune cells.
Humoral Immunity- acquired immunity in which the role of circulating antibodies is predominant. Natural Immunity- the resistance of the normal animal to infection
I'm not an expert, but from what I can gather, vaccinations are used for both virus' and pathogenic bacteria (harmful bacteria). Vaccines contain a section/segment of the virus or bacteria (for example a flagella) to infect the body. The body then produces memory cells so that the body has an immunity against the virus or bacteria (note that this immunity may not last a lifetime).
The process of immunity is to produce specific antibodies that bind to antigens on the surface of pathogens. =]