true
true
humoral immunity
humoral immunity
humoral immunity
Yes
Antiviral immunity targets viruses by recognizing viral antigens and activating immune responses specific to viral infections. Antibacterial immunity targets bacteria by recognizing bacterial antigens and activating immune responses specific to bacterial infections. The mechanisms of immune cell activation, the types of cells involved, and the specific responses generated differ between antiviral and antibacterial immunity.
specific immunity
Bacteria can acquire immunity to viruses through several mechanisms, primarily by utilizing a system known as CRISPR-Cas. This system allows bacteria to store segments of viral DNA and use them to recognize and defend against future infections by the same virus. Additionally, horizontal gene transfer can occur, where bacteria exchange genetic material, potentially acquiring genes that confer resistance to viral attacks. Lastly, mutations in bacterial genomes can also lead to changes that provide immunity against specific viruses.
I'm not an expert, but from what I can gather, vaccinations are used for both virus' and pathogenic bacteria (harmful bacteria). Vaccines contain a section/segment of the virus or bacteria (for example a flagella) to infect the body. The body then produces memory cells so that the body has an immunity against the virus or bacteria (note that this immunity may not last a lifetime).
Immunity is the body's defense mechanism against pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances. It involves two main types: innate immunity, which provides immediate but non-specific protection, and adaptive immunity, which develops over time and targets specific invaders. The immune system utilizes various cells, such as lymphocytes (B cells and T cells), to recognize and remember pathogens, enabling a quicker and more effective response upon subsequent exposures. Additionally, antibodies produced by B cells neutralize pathogens, while T cells help destroy infected cells or assist other immune cells.
The main function of acquired immunity is to provide a specific and adaptive response to pathogens that the body has previously encountered. It involves the activation of lymphocytes, such as T cells and B cells, which recognize specific antigens and generate a targeted immune response. This type of immunity also includes the development of immunological memory, allowing the body to respond more rapidly and effectively to subsequent exposures to the same pathogen. Overall, acquired immunity enhances the body's ability to fight infections and provides long-lasting protection.
Humoral Immunity- acquired immunity in which the role of circulating antibodies is predominant. Natural Immunity- the resistance of the normal animal to infection