On Earth, Kami created the Dragonballs. On Namek, the Namekian elder created them. When the person who created the dragonballs dies, the dragonballs disappear. This is why, after Kami dies, Dende replaces him as guardian of Earth and creates a new set of Dragonballs.
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There are 7 dragonballs. If you are reffering to the manga there are 16 volumes.
There is no information given in the series about what happened to them prior to the Dragonball Manga/anime. However, the first wish made on the Dragonballs in the series was Oolong who wished for "the panties from a real hot girl".
When Piccolo/Kami came to earth after the terrible plague on namek he created the black star dragonballs( which you will only see and hear on dragonballgt but after suffering the witness of world wars the evil inside him prevented him from becoming guardian of the earth. so he split the himself from the evil and two nameks came into existence-Kami and King Piccolo-and the black star balls turned to stone. Kami then created new dragonballs which were less powerful than the black star dragonballs. King piccolo was defeated by goku and he spit an egg out which would become King Piccolo's son-Piccolo. during the fighting between the androids piccolo and kami re-fused to become more powerful and the black star dragonballs reactivated the red star dragonballs turned to stone until dende took control of them. Guru was most likely the one who created the super dragonballs but could have been passed down to him just like when he passed them down to Elder Moori. By the way, If you are still watching dbz Kai, stop because all that is junk, just watch regular dbz and you will enjoy it more. Black-star dragonballs-Kamicolo Red-star dragonballs-Kami Super dragonballs-Guru new red star dragon balls:Dende
Its part three of dragonball where goku turns in to a childand must find these dragonballs
For people to be revived (his friends & family). But most of the time it is them wishing for Goku to be revived.