If a face down monster is attacked, then it is flipped for damage calculation, if you flip summon, you do it by choice during your turn. Flip counts for both.
For Flip cards like penguin soldier, if it is face down and your opponent attacks it, the effect is activated.
For Flip Summon cards like swarm of scarabs, if it is face down and your opponent attacks it, the effect is NOT activated.
Both types are activated if you flip summon it.
(Also flip activates after damage calculation if you are attacked, so if penguin soldier would be destroyed by the attack, he can't return himself to your hand because he is already destroyed)
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Yes, this is legal. You may perform one Normal Summon or set per turn, and as many Flip Summons as you wish.However you cannot Flip Summon a monster Set that turn, nor if you Flip Summon a monster, turn it face-down in the same turn using an effect, can you Flip Summon it again that turn. Lastly if a monster declares an attack, and is flipped face-down in response, it cannot be Flip Summoned that turn.
A Reverse Summon is the Japanese name for what the TCG calls a Flip Summon. To Flip Summon a monster, in your main phase 1 or 2, you manually change the position of one of your monsters from being Set, into face-up Attack Position.
No, it is not. Flip Summons and Normal Summons are different things. Some cards can respond to both, but some can only respond to Normal Summons, and if so, cannot be used against Flip Summons.
No, flip effect activate when the card is flipped, which will be by Flip Summon, or being attacked, or flipped by an effect. Simply being destroyed while face down, will not 'flip' the monster.
When, you flip summon a "Yu-Gi-Oh!" monster, it was before in face-down defence position and now is in face-up attack position. You can only use this in a turn in which you have not already done anything with that monster card. You can not summon it into face-down position and then flip it straight away - you must wait until the next turn.