In general, tributing is done from the field. The only time you 'tribute' from the hand is if it specifically says so, and I think Ritual Summons are the only things that let you do it.
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You can, only if something specifically says you can. Tribute for most Ritual Spell Cards can come from hand. But if the card doesn't specify, the tribute must come from your side of the field.
It requires 1 tribute
A tribute summon is a form of Normal Summon. So that means you can only tribute summon OR normal summon ONCE per turn.
'Sacrifice' doesn't appear anywhere in the English version of the game, it is a Magic the Gathering term here. But it is used in the Japanese version of the game, and is indeed the same thing as a Tribute.
Yes, in the yugioh card game you can advance summon (this is also called tribute summon or sacrifice summoning).