To zoom out and see what your character is fully doing, press fn and F5 at the same time to see a lot more than your character. You can press it again to see the back of your character then again for normal mode.
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F4
You cannot zoom in on vanilla Minecraft. You need to install the Optifine Mod for this feature.
Press F5
Get the client optifine. Then once it is loaded up, press left ctrl to zoom !
mac: command and F5 pc: control and F5