Mine near the surface, or sail along the coast in a boat until you find exposed coal veins. Once you have coal for torches, you can mine deeper to get more coal. The program 'cartographer' allows you to see any coal in anywhere in the explored map.
You can find Coal Ore pretty much anywhere on a minecraft map. And, it usually comes in large pockets of anywhere between 5 and 50 blocks!
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You can find coal veins almost anywhere. Look at the side of stone cliff faces.
You can generally find coal underground located within the rock layers, but you can also find it sometimes on the surface.
Underground
You can find coal by mining but you can get charcoal by burning wood.
you must find flint and tender and coal