yes
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No just save it before you attack and turn it off if it faints
After the battle ends the Pokemon will still evolve however you will have to revive it if you still want to use it.
No , once it faints , it will not reappear , unless you save the game right before you make it faint .
The strongest Pokemon move is Eruption (Power 150). Even do Explotion and Self destruct has higher power, they are still bad because the user faints itself.
Unfortunately, you have to catch, trade, or somehow own every Pokemon in the pokedex. If you had it at one time and traded it, it still is in your pokedex.