No, Stardust Dragon's negation effect is a spell speed 2 quick effect, which cannot be chained to a spell speed 3 card such as Solemn Judgment.
No, a Set is not a summon, summon negation cards cannot be used against it.
Jinzo, Royal Decree and Trap Stun negate the effects, Trap Jammer, Solemn Judgment, Seven Tools of the Bandit negate both activation and effect.
Yes, it is a Quick Effect and can be activated in either player's turn.
When "Black Rose Dragon" is Syncro Summoned, the controller can choose to destroy all cards on the field. You can chain "Torrential Tribute" to the effect of "Black Rose Dragon", but the result is the same. The chain will resolve and "Torrential Tribute" will destroy all monsters on the field; but the effect of "Black Rose Dragon" will remain and the rest of the cards on the field will be destroyed. If you want to stop "Black Rose Dragon" from destroying all the cards on the field, "Black Horn of Heaven", Horn of Heaven", "Solemn Judgment", "Thunder King Rai-Oh" and "Royal Oppression" can negate it's Summoning and "Divine Wrath" can negate and destroy it when it tries to activate its effect.
No, Stardust Dragon's negation effect is a spell speed 2 quick effect, which cannot be chained to a spell speed 3 card such as Solemn Judgment.
Yes, it can. White Night Dragon can only negate Spells or Traps that target it. For one, Solemn Judgment does not 'target' anything, and for two, WND's negation effect is only active while it is face-up on the field after being successfully summoned. Solemn Judgment is preventing its summon.
No, a Set is not a summon, summon negation cards cannot be used against it.
No. Monsters can special summon themselves in two ways, there are monsters that special summon themselves without using the chain, such as Cyber Dragon, and Dark Armed Dragon, but also Synchro Summons. Then there are those that are special summoned by the resolution of an activated effect. To negate the former, you wait until the new monster is placed on the field. Summon negation cards like Solemn Judgment, can then be used on it. To stop the summon in this latter case, you have to negate the activated effect - once it resolves, the summon is successful and can't be stopped. DD Scout Plane summons itself on resolution of its Triggered effect. Solemn Judgment cannot negate activated monster effects, so cannot be chained to this activation. Once the effect resolves, DD Scout Plane is considered to be successfully special summoned, so can't be negated. If the monster is being summoned by an activated Trap or Spell card, Solemn Judgment can be chained to these. But it cannot stop a summon from an activated monster effect, which is why Solemn Warning became so heavily used, because it can negate such monster effects.
Jinzo, Royal Decree and Trap Stun negate the effects, Trap Jammer, Solemn Judgment, Seven Tools of the Bandit negate both activation and effect.
I'm assuming this is a TV show question. And the answer is Yes.
Solemn Judgment can negate summons that don't use the chain, by waiting until the monster is placed on the field, then negating the summon before it counts as being successful. When a summon occurs on the resolution of an activated effect, the summon is automatically successful when the effect resolves - but Solemn Judgment can chain to that activation and prevent the summon by stopping the effect resolution. So, if you Normal Summon, Synchro Summon, or perform a special summon that does not use the chain, such as Chaos Sorcerer, you can negate the summon as per the first bit above. If you special summon on resolution of an activated effect, such as Monster Reborn or Call of the Haunted, Solemn Judgment can chain to these activations and negate them. No resolution means no summon. But, note that Solemn Judgment can only chain to the activation of Spell or Trap cards. If the special summon occurs on the resolution of an activated monster effect, Solemn Judgment can't stop it. It can't chain to it, and as above, the summon is successful when the effect resolves. So that is why Solemn Judgment can't do anything against the triggered effect of Gorz the Emissary of Darkness, but is able to stop special summons that aren't by resolution, such as Chaos Sorcerer.
no, not that I'm aware of, but you can use cards that negate effects like solemn judgment or dark bribe.
Yes, it is a Quick Effect and can be activated in either player's turn.
You have the negate the Ritual Spell card. Once the spell card resolves, the monster is considered 'successfully' special summoned, there's no chance to negate, unlike monsters who summon themselves without using the chain, like Cyber Dragon.
Yes it can. Sangan is a triggered effect, Stardust Dragon Assault Mode can chain to and negate it.
Because Dark End Dragon does not 'destroy' anything, Stardust Dragon is unable to negate it.