Gandalf opens the West-door into Moria with the password 'mellon', meaning 'friend'.
He had misinterpreted his translation of the door-inscription as "Speak, friend, and enter" when it meant 'speak' as in 'say', or "Say 'friend' and enter".
In Tolkien's book, Merry is the first to question the meaning and this leads Gandalf to the answer. In the 2001 film, Frodo makes the leap from password to riddle.
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