Crescendo
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The dynamic mark p stands for "piano" and means to play the passage softly.
p stands for piano in musical notation. It is a dynamic marking which indicates the piece or section should be played soft.
pp - pianissimo - very soft p - piano - soft mp - mezzo-piano - medium-soft mf - mezzo-forte - medium-loud f- forte - loud ff - fortissimo - very loud cresc. - crescendo - get louder decresc. - decrescendo - get softer sf - sforzando - sudden accent sfp - sforzando-piano - sudden accent and sudden piano
The corresponding Italian musical term would be "con forza" - literally "with force" - though in a piece of music you would more likely see the word "sforzato". A single note, played with force would be marked "sforzando", while the musical direction "rfz" (short for "rinforzando", placed in the same manner as a lettered dynamic marking such as "p" or "f") would indicate an entire passage played with force.
No, allegro is a tempo marking versus an articulation.