In 1966 The Beatles stopped touring and became a studion band primarily
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The Beatles were always interested in the use of the studio, but they stopped touring in 1966 and concentrated on studio work thereafter.
They became a "studio band", only issuing recordings and performing for film and video cameras, and small invited audiences. Brian Epstein died about a year after their last concert tour, and the Beatles began to drift apart.
A slightly complicated answer; effectively Lennon broke the band up in 1969, they decided to do one more "good" album - which was Abbey Road, all four Beatles were in the studio together for the last time in August 1969, although more Beatle recording and overdubs took place into early 1970. In 1970 Paul announced the break up publicly. Legally, the band separated in 1972. During the anthology project, the (then) three surviving Beatles worked on some Lennon demo tracks and released them as The Beatles - all three also acknowledged that they would be Beatles forever.
They became a band in 1960. They effectively broke up in 1969, although they officially broke up in 1973. They (sort of) reformed in 1994 to add backing to some demo tracks recorded by John Lennon in the 1970s.
Their first recording as the Beatles was in 1961, as Tony Sheridan's backing band for Germany's Polydor Records. Prior to that, they had made some home tapes with a borrowed recorder, and done one session at a home studio in Liverpool, where they covered Buddy Holly's "That'll Be The Day".
1964 was the first year the Beatles came to America. They also toured the country in 1965 and 1966.