The swords that the dwarves had found especially since the one was called the Goblin slayer.
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The great eagles came out of the west unlooked for and were a catalyst for victory. "The eagles are coming! The eagles are coming!" Beorn arrives to do battle with the Wargs and Goblins.
The goblins take them. It is supposed that they were eaten, at least that is what the narrator hinted at in the description. The last they were seen was in the great hall just before Gandalf put out the lights.
When? They needed a lot of saving at various times in the Hobbit. However, the usual answer is Gandalf. He saved them from the Trolls and later the Goblins. The Eagles saved them from the wargs and goblins and you might make a case that Beorn and the eagles saved most of the company at the Battle of Five Armies.
Pg 282 "The Goblins were the foes of all, and at their coming all other quarrels were forgotten. Their only hope was to lure the goblins into the valley between the arms of the Mountain; and themselves to man the great spurs that struck south and east."
After escaping the Goblins initially during the first attack, he follows the Goblins and their captives to the Goblintown. When the Great Goblin was about to attack Thorin, Gandalf revealed himself, drawing his sword, Glamdring, white emitted burning, white sparks that burned into the Goblins around him. He slew the Great Goblin and led the Dwarves out of the tunnels in the confusion, Bilbo accidentally getting lost along the way out.