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Major and minor are general music terms and are not specific to the violin. They are the two most common scales in western music. Major scales have a half-step (2 adjacent keys on a piano, like b natural to c natural, or g natural to a flat) between the third and fourth degrees (notes) and another half-step between the seventh and eighth degrees. There are three kinds of minor scale called natural, melodic and harmonic. They have different structures, but all minor scales have in common a half-step between the second and third degrees.
A minor scale is the same as its major scale with the third and the seventh notes "flatted" or lowered half a step. For example, the key of C has the notes C D E F G A B C in C minor the E is changed to E-flat and the B is B-flat
Major and Minor keys are different keys.
Major keys often have a relative minor which mean that they share the same key signature.
Majors tend to have the happier sound, where as minors are sad and gloomy.
Music written in a major key sounds happy. Music written in a minor key sounds sad.
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...are major and minor
Music played in a harmonic, chordal texture.
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