From what I understand , they are bad-guy villianous robots that figure in the Doctor Who series. It is not known where the name comes from. They have biological entities hidden inside- never shown. In that sense they somewhat resemble the manned robots that were, for a while, a science-fiction staple- crossed with the Deros- or detrimental robots of the Shaver"s saga of the inside earth. This stuff is lilght years- on the Dark Side of wholesome, progressive Science Fiction- of which there are many types.
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The 'New Paradigm' Daleks don't exactly have names because only the Cult of Skaro had names, but they have individual titles. Doctor Who Confidential gave their titles as white -Supreme, yellow - Eternal, red - Drone, blue - Strategist, and orange - Scientist.
As revealed in Daleks in Manhatten/Eveloution of the Daleks, the Daleks are made out a metal called Dalekanium. The base of the dalek also provides a pickup for static electricity
The Daleks don't really have a personality have they have no emotions, actually just one! Beauty that is why they can never kill the doctor (Asylum of the daleks)
Fear and hate are the only emotions the daleks are capable of.
In the original Series the first villiam was a member of the Tribe of Gum in the story 10,000 B.C although the first villain to be thought of as a villain was the Daleks in the very next Story arc originally called the Mutants. In the New series however the First villain was the autons and Nestene Intellegence originally created for Jon Pertwee's first season.