As revealed in Daleks in Manhatten/Eveloution of the Daleks, the Daleks are made out a metal called Dalekanium. The base of the dalek also provides a pickup for static electricity
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The daleks casing is made of polycarbite with a sheild. Cybermen are made of metal which isn't as strong.
The Daleks don't really have a personality have they have no emotions, actually just one! Beauty that is why they can never kill the doctor (Asylum of the daleks)
Fear and hate are the only emotions the daleks are capable of.
Skaro
The daleks were created by terry nation and were based on the Nazis, because when he was a child he was in the 2nd world war and that's why the daleks speak in a demanding high pitch squeal. i got this information from a 1980s dr who DVD.The daleks are hideous mutants hidden behind armour called Dalekanium.They were created by davros but some were created by The Dalek Emperor.They were meant to be destroyed in the time war but they keep coming back. In Victory of the Daleks,the Daleks pretended to be on Winston Churchill's side in World War 2 but were actually waiting for a "testinomy" from the Doctor.When the Doctor arrived and the Daleks got their testinomy,it confirmed they were Daleks to the proginetor(which didn't recognise them,because they were impure).The proginetor created a new race of pure Daleks.The new Daleks escaped and by doing so,claimed Victory,hence the episode title "Victory of the Daleks".Later,the Daleks ended up being part of a pandorica alliance,in The Pandorica Opens/the Big Bang.The pandorica Alliance succeeded in trapping the Doctor in the Pandorica.Later,the Dalek was brought to life by light from the Pandorica.For some unexplained reason,though,it was scared of River Song.