controlled experiments are conducted in the laboratory environment whereas uncontrolled experiments observations data collected over a period of time
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Controlled observations involve manipulating variables and controlling conditions to observe specific effects, while uncontrolled observations involve observing natural events as they occur without intervention. Controlled observations are often used in experiments to test hypotheses, while uncontrolled observations are more common in naturalistic studies where researchers aim to understand behaviors in their natural context.
Observation is the act of noticing and recording something that has been directly perceived. Inference involves making logical conclusions based on observations and prior knowledge. Prediction is a statement about what will happen in the future based on observations, inferences, and patterns.
Formal observations are planned, structured, and systematic observations that follow a specific protocol or method, such as a checklist or rubric. Informal observations are more relaxed, spontaneous, and subjective observations that may not follow a specific structure or method. Formal observations are often used in research or evaluations, while informal observations are more commonly used in everyday situations or interactions.
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, while experimentation involves testing this hypothesis through controlled observations or tests. Hypotheses guide experiments by providing a specific statement that can be tested and potentially supported or rejected through data collection and analysis.
The difference is that naturalistic observation is a research method, this technique involves observing subjects in their natural environment. It is usual used in situations where conducing a lab research is unrealistic, cost prohibitive, or would unduly affect the subject's behaviour. And controlled observations are studies that the situations are planned by the researcher, this type of observation may be carried out in a laboratory type situation and because variables are manipulated and said to be high in control.One difference between them is that controlled observation will be low in ecological validity compared to naturalistic observation, if the participants are aware that they are being studied they may behave differently.
Instincts are innate behaviors or reactions that are not learned, while consciousness refers to awareness, self-awareness, and the ability to think, reason, and make deliberate choices. Instincts are automatic and instinctual, while consciousness involves the ability to reflect on one's actions and make decisions based on reasoning and awareness.