Secular Humanists believe suffering comes from the cause of people or series of unfortunate events. As there is no god or faith outside science death is an end and nothing more. No bright lights at the end of the tunnel, etc. By this cynical worldview suffering can also be viewed as nothing more than an unfortunate emotion evolution has brought on.
Renaissance artists and writers focused on both religious and secular views. While religious themes were still prevalent in their work, there was also a growing emphasis on humanism, classical mythology, and individualism. This period marked a shift towards a more secular worldview and an appreciation for human achievement and potential.
Secular humanism is different from other non-religious or anti-religious philosophies in that humanists believe they have an obligation to serve humanity as a whole as opposed to just the individual. family members are part of humanity as a whole so theoretically a humanist would believe in treating their family members in an ethical manner based on his/her ideas of what is best for humanity.
The influence of humanism has affected the current Western culture in various ways. This is aligned with secularism which seems to directly influence political and religious views.
Screwtape views death negatively, as it often ends his plans to cause suffering to human kind. When good people die, they are taken to heaven and he has no control over them anymore. He also sees death as the purpose for life and the reason people are born.
Dante Alighieri; 1265-1321, believed that his design for a human world order would incorporate his belief in the dual nature of humanity. Man is of two parts: earthly/ temporary, which is our body, and spiritual/ eternal, the soul. Dante believed mankind's duty is to achieve happiness and everlasting life. His views of human nature and duty was an intergal part of his political belief that Church and State be separate. In other words, a secular government .
Humanities are a group of subjects relating to art and human experience: such as Art, Sociology, Literature and so forth. Humanism is a philosophy about how to live ones life and be a good and nice person. It contains no religious views, and is an atheist philosophy.
Humanism views marriage as a voluntary union between individuals based on love, mutual respect, and equality. It emphasizes the importance of personal choice, autonomy, and commitment in a relationship, and values the legal and social recognition of same-sex marriages.
Based on what Humanism stands for and that is respect for others, equality, tolerance, freedom and progress among others values, that bestow an individual with as many rights as possible then humanism should be the guiding philosophy for African political thought. Humanism may check tribalism, inequitable distribution of wealth, intolerance to opposing political views poor living conditions and insensitivity to the future generation.
The death of Socrates
Well back in that era people were Catholic or Chirstian. Not many were Secular (secular: of no or little faith). So if this is for a test, exam of assingment I would say 'People in that era were Catholic, Christian of Secular' but I wouldn't assume, as you will porbably get it wrong as it doensn't in the book what religion the boys were.Ciao :)
The death of Socrates
For many years it had been Christianity, but for the last many years, the majority possess Agnostic views and believe largely in Secular Humanism. To call Western Europe in general "Christian" is a falsehood. There may still be a connection to a "Christian" past and some state churches remain subsidized by the state, their teachings are largely secular and no longer based on Scripture and Christian faith. There are some free confessional churches which survive without subsidy, but they are by far the minority.