The Emancipation Proclamation
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The Civil Rights Movement is not directly related to former slaves, as it focused on fighting discrimination and segregation against African Americans in the mid-20th century, whereas former slaves were primarily freed after the Civil War in the late 19th century.
Many former slaves migrated to cities in search of economic opportunities, freedom from rural oppression, and access to education and social services. The end of slavery, the promise of employment in urban industries, and the hope for a better life drew many former slaves to urban centers where they could build new lives for themselves and their families.
Sharecropping trapped many former slaves in a cycle of debt and poverty because they were often unable to earn enough from their crops to pay their landowner. This system limited their economic independence and perpetuated a dependent relationship with the dominant land-owning class. Additionally, sharecropping often exposed former slaves to continued exploitation and harsh working conditions.
Many former slaves migrated to cities seeking economic opportunities, better living conditions, and the chance to escape discrimination and violence in rural areas. Cities provided access to jobs, education, and social services that were not readily available in rural areas.
Former slaves improved their lives by seeking education and job opportunities, forming communities and support networks, and advocating for civil rights and equality. Many also acquired property and started businesses to achieve economic independence and social advancement.
It sounds like you are referring to St. Elmo Brady. He was the first African American to receive a Ph.D. in chemistry in the United States. Born to former slaves in 1884, Brady went on to have a successful career as a researcher and educator in the field of chemistry.