I am going to assume from the nature of the question that you are asking why this is often held as a wise procedure.
There are three basic types of malfunction that can occur with ammunition.
The first is a "Squib Fire" where the powder does not completely burn, and the bullet fails to leave the barrel.
The second is a misfire where the round fails to activate, and one hears only a simple "click"; indicating that the round is a dud.
The third type of malfunction is called a "Hang Fire" and is the reason for this procedure. When the first occur "Hang Fires" behave like misfires, the trigger is pulled and nothing happens. Then...a few seconds later...bang! A Hang Fire is the result when a primer fails to immediately ignite the powder, resulting in the round discharging some time after the trigger is pulled rather than within one second. Thus whenever you have a misfire you keep the weapon pointed in a safe direction and wait to be sure it is in fact a miss-fire and not a hang-fire. I have always advised my students to wait a full minute (assuming they are not in combat or what have you, or course.) And then to remove the dud round.
Correct- however, many sources recommend a wait time of 30 seconds.
The first step for loading and unloading a firearm is to point the gun in a safe direction.
Unload
That depends if you are talking about the firearm or about the cartridge.
Cartridge
abbreviation for cartridge
Just that- it is a cartridge. For shotguns, they may be called shells or shotshells.
It holds the cartridge in place for firing.
It holds the cartridge in place for firing.
Dimensionally similar, but they are not exactly the same. A firearm with a 5.56x45 chamber can accommodate the .223 Remington cartridge, but a firearm with a .223 Remington chamber cannot accommodate the 5.56x45 cartridge.
"Bullets" do not "go off". A bullet is the metal projectile that comes out of the barrel of a firearm. The term you are looking for is cartridge. Since there is no safe way to fire a cartridge without it being in the correct firearm, I am not going to answer your question- in THAT direction lies pain and injury. I would appreciate it if other contributors would NOT explain how to hurt yourself badly.
First, keep the firearm pointed in a safe direction. Wait. Check that the safety is off. If it is on, move to off and fire. Otherwise, if the gun has an external cocking mechanism. recock and attempt to fire. If it still does not fire, wait 30 seconds (still pointing in safe direction) eject cartridge, load fresh cartridge, attempt to fire. Dispose of the bad cartridge in a safe manner.
"Bullets" do not "go off". A bullet is the metal projectile that comes out of the barrel of a firearm. The term you are looking for is cartridge. Since there is no safe way to fire a cartridge without it being in the correct firearm, I am not going to answer your question- in THAT direction lies pain and injury. I would appreciate it if other contributors would NOT explain how to hurt yourself badly.