A doping essentially done for change in the properties of materials without change in their crystal structure. In an alloy the structure and properties of the developed alloy may be very different from the parent materials.
"doping" is intentional, the addition of a small (and usually precisely measured) "impurity" ... for a reason. "defect" just means you did something wrong.
Doping is a process of adding some impurity in pure material or pure semiconductor.
doping
First it depends on what type of steel, but most steel is consisting mostly of iron, with carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most cost-effective alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten.
What is the difference between electroplating and galvanising
"doping" is intentional, the addition of a small (and usually precisely measured) "impurity" ... for a reason. "defect" just means you did something wrong.
The built in potential in a pn junction. Due to the difference in carrier concentration between the sides of a pn junction. Diffusion potential increases with increase in doping levels.
increases with doping
Doping is of two types,..
Here is a link to a description of the alloying process for a generic alloy production method.
doping is done based on segments and boundaries wise
PMOS - (drain + source) = p-type doping NMOS - (drain + source) = n-type doping :)
European athletes cheat all the time and make up the majority of athletes who get busted for doping. Example: West Germany state sponsored doping program, Spanish governments doping coverup, doping in the Tour de France, rampant doping in european football etc.
World Anti-Doping Agency was created in 1999.
Doping is a process of adding some impurity in pure material or pure semiconductor.
There is no one single answer to your question as various alloying materials will achieve this. There are also various forms of fatigue failure, for instance thermal and bending, which will be affected by what alloying material is present.
The density of steel varies based on the alloying constituents but usually ranges between 7,750 and 8,050 kg