Media should do nothing which could undermine established authority or disturb order.
Media should always be subordinate to esstablished authority.
censorship can be justified to enforce these principles.
LIBERTARIAN THEORY
There should be no compulsion to publish anything.
publication should be free from any prior censorship.
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Authoritarian theory advocates for strong central authority and limited individual freedoms, prioritizing order and control. Libertarian theory emphasizes individual liberty and minimal government intervention, promoting personal autonomy and freedom of choice.
McGregor's Theory X suggests that employees are lazy, need to be micromanaged, and prefer to be directed rather than take initiative. In contrast, Theory Y posits that employees are inherently motivated, responsible, and seek out challenges in their work. Theory Y aligns more with a participative management style, while Theory X is more authoritarian.
Normative theory focuses on what should be done based on ethical, moral, or societal principles, while historical cost theory values assets at their original purchase price. Normative theory considers broader implications and ethical considerations, while historical cost theory is more concerned with financial accuracy and reliability.
The relevance theory of dividends suggests that dividends impact a firm's value, investor preferences, and information signaling. In contrast, the irrelevance theory of dividends proposes that dividend policy does not affect a firm's value because investors are indifferent between dividends and capital gains.
A theory is a well-supported explanation for phenomena based on observation, experimentation, and analysis. Data refers to the facts, figures, or information collected from experiments, surveys, or observations, which are used to support or refute a theory. In summary, a theory is an overarching explanation, while data are the specific observations that inform and test that theory.
Agency theory focuses on the conflicts of interest that arise between principals (owners) and agents (managers) in an organization, highlighting the need for mechanisms to align their interests. Stewardship theory, on the other hand, emphasizes the alignment of interests between managers and shareholders, suggesting that managers act as stewards who will make decisions in the best interest of the organization.