This is a shotgun with an internal barrel diameter (called the "bore) of approximately .410" which shoots a shell which is about .410" in diameter.
It is the only shotgun shell size that uses this convention.
A 12 gauge shotgun, for example, does not have a bore of "12".
A 20 gauge shotgun has a smaller bore than a 12 gauge and a 10 gauge has a bigger bore than a 12.
Gauge size is based on the number of lead balls of the bore diameter which are required to make a pound (16 ounces). 10 balls, 12 balls, or 20 balls.
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