What are the short term effects of nuclear weapons?

Answer 1

Unfortunately there's no such thing as a short term effect

It depends on the area you're in when a blast occurs, and how close you are to the primary detonation, as well as the strength of the blast itself. Naturally, death by incineration is the most obvious if you're close enough, but rapid death from Beta-Gamma radiation, unless you were in a shielded area at the time, would occur in the days following if you survived. Trust me when I say you'd be better of dying in the initial explosion.

Alpha radiation contamination, carried in the fallout from nuclear explosions, is the most common radioactive hazard outside of the blast area for survivors. Though it's only hazardous when it gets into your body (meaning keep your mouth/nose covered, as well as any open cuts, and wash the skin if it gets exposed), it eventually will find its way into the food and water supply This knowledge is one reason the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, which halted above ground, space and underwater testing in 1963 between the U.S. and USSR, was signed. It was found that fallout had raised contaminant levels in milk and other foods, in particular Strontium 90.