Prokaryotes
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The three-domain system recognizes fundamental differences between the Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya domains. These differences are based on genetic, biochemical, and structural characteristics that distinguish each domain from one another. This system has replaced earlier classification systems that grouped all organisms into either plants or animals.
A fundamental niche refers to the full range of environmental conditions where a species could potentially survive and reproduce, while a realized niche refers to the actual range of conditions where a species exists due to competition and other biotic factors. In other words, the fundamental niche is theoretical, while the realized niche is observed in nature.
Physiologically, there is no fundamental difference between gay and heterosexual men. Sexual orientation does not affect basic biological functions or characteristics. Differences may exist in brain structure or hormone levels, but these variances are not universally consistent among gay men and can also be found in heterosexual individuals.
Genetic variations, which arise from mutations and recombination of genetic material during reproduction, are responsible for the differences between species and between individuals in the same population. These variations can lead to differences in physical traits, behaviors, and other characteristics among organisms. Additionally, environmental factors can influence the expression of these genetic differences, leading to further diversity within and between populations.
Woese proposed separating bacteria and archaea into separate domains because they have fundamental genetic and biochemical differences that are more substantial than differences between other groups classified at the same hierarchical level. This classification reflects the evolutionary distance between these two groups and their distinctiveness in terms of genetic information processing and cell structure.
Scholars use the term "sexual dimorphism" to refer to biological differences between men and women. This term encompasses differences in physical characteristics such as body structure, reproductive anatomy, and hormonal profiles.