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Texas and Mexican territory became a part of the United States.
Calfornia extended so far either side of the Missouri line (North of which slavery was illegal) that it rendered the Missouri Compromise unworkable, so a new one had to be worked out. It was a patched-up deal, and it did not last.
abolitionists
The name of the reform group that worked to end slavery was the abolitionists. The abolitionist movement had leaders such as Frederick Douglass that worked to help free slaves.
The forthcoming admission of California as a state of the Union - it was too big to fit the terms of the Missouri Compromise, so a new compromise had to be worked out.