Over 100,000 slaves made it to the north
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The fugitive slave act was written into law to round up runaway slaves that went up north where slavery was illegal. This act gave southerns the ability to demand their slaves back with help from the Federal government. it also made it illegal for "free people" to aide in the escape and quartering of runaway slaves.(I say free, not white because there were many free African Americans that helped runaway slaves, most notable Harriet Tubman and Fredrick Douglass) The fugitive slave act was actually quite popular in the south, especially with the plantation owners.
It is uncertain of the exact number, but it is estimated that there were 600,000 slaves brought from Africa. This made up about five percent of the total number of slaves.
Oh honey, just because they made it to the free states doesn't mean they were suddenly living their best life. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 made it a real pain in the butt for runaway slaves, allowing slave catchers to hunt them down even in free states. Plus, racism was still alive and well up North, so they had to deal with discrimination and prejudice on top of everything else. It was a tough world out there for those seeking freedom.
Technically slaves could not fight in the war unless they had permission from the owners or there owners had made them fight. But at the end of the Civil War all the slaves were set free this is what the civil war was about the North wanted the slaves to be set free but the south wanted slaves as they relied on them for there economy. this was the Cotton indusrty mainly when the North won the war they decleared all slaves free.
The movement to end slavery was called the "Abolition" movement. The abolitionist with the help of freed and indentured slaves came up with the "Underground Railroad;" which was a system to bring runaway slaves to safe-houses until they could be brought to freedom in the northern states. The act that made it illegal to own slaves was the Emancipation Procalamtion read by Abraham Lincoln.