Not recommended.
You should be OK with standard loads.
Yes your Winchester model 1897 pump action shotgun can shoot buck shot through it.
No
Not recommended
Not recommended
Yes
The Stevens 59A can shoot all size loads from #12 to slug. So in short, yes.
Have it checked by a gunsmith before you shoot it. If it checks out OK, then yes.
The Winchester model 59 is not a gas operated semi-auto, instead it uses the short recoil system and hence their is no adjustment. The model 59 should be able to shoot trap loads without any adjustment if working properly.
Needs to be inspected by a good gunsmith.
http://www.wikihow.com/Shoot-a-Shotgun
Yes.In all modern shells, the shot is packed in a plastic wad which keeps the shot in a tight group as it travels down the barrel. The shot never actually touches the sides of the barrel.So long as you don't try running magnum loads thru a gun that isn't rated for them, you won't have a problem.