No
Yes, a 45 caliber bullet is bigger than a 40 caliber bullet. A .45 is0.45 inches wide in diameter and a .40 is 0.4 inches in diameter.
it is a little less powerful but not by much
40
Yes, a 40 is bigger than 10mm. In measurements, 40 units of any measurement system (like millimeters, inches, etc.) are greater than 10 units of the same system. If you're referring to caliber sizes, a .40 caliber is approximately 10.16mm, which is slightly larger than 10mm.
the 40 cal is a little bigger then the 357
yes
Absolutely not.
The .40 caliber bullet is a little larger in diameter and is a little heavier (under most circumstances). The .40 will usually have more powder, velocity, and muzzle energy. Also, the .40 is designed for use in a semi-automatic and the .38 is a revolver cartridge.
was a 38-40 black powder
The .40 is larger in diameter and (normally) has a heavier bullet.
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Either platform can be larger than the other. The 45 has the larger projectile. Caliber is defined as the diameter in fractions of an inch, so .40 caliber is smaller in diameter than .45 caliber. Caliber can also be defined in the metric system, measured in milimeters. The .40 caliber cartridge is equivalent to 10mm in diameter. As noted, the size of a handgun can vary widely within one caliber, so it is perfectly reasonable to have a smaller handgun crafted in a larger caliber.