The short answer is, the barrel must be at least 18 inches, and the overall length must be at least 26 inches.
The longer answer is, a shotgun can be any length, but if it is shorter than I just described, you apply to the ATF, pay a fee, then wait to be approved in order to own it. It normally takes several months to be approved, and the fee is $200.
This is all federal law. TN has no laws that make any of that illegal.
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