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People who disagreed with slavery were called abolitionists because they believed that slavery was morally wrong and should be abolished. They worked to end the institution of slavery through political activism, protests, and spreading anti-slavery ideas in order to bring an end to the practice.
Montesquieu did not explicitly condemn slavery, but he did point out its dangers and inefficiencies in his work 'The Spirit of the Laws.' He argued that slavery was not well-suited for commerce or agriculture as it relied on force instead of the natural order.
"Ordem e progresso" is the national motto of Brazil and it means "Order and Progress" in English. It is found on the Brazilian flag and represents the nation's aspirations for a well-organized society that moves forward and develops.
Thomas Hobbes believed that slavery was a natural consequence of war and the state of nature. He argued that in a state of war, individuals could enslave those they defeated in order to preserve their own lives and security. Hobbes saw slavery as a means of maintaining order and preventing chaos in society.
Richard Furman, a Baptist pastor, argued in his exposition on slavery that slavery was morally justified because it was practiced in the Bible. He believed that it was a natural social order where slaves were well-treated and slavery was a means of civilizing and Christianizing Africans. Furman's views reflected the pro-slavery arguments prevalent in the American South during the 19th century.