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I/O-bound programs have the property of performing only a small amount of computation before performing IO. Such programs typically do not use up their entire CPU quantum. CPU-bound programs, on the other hand, use their entire quantum without performing any blocking IO operations. Consequently, one could make better use of the computer's resources by giving higher priority to I/O-bound programs and allow them to execute ahead of the CPU-bound programs.
IO bound refers to a situation where a program is limited by the speed of input/output operations, such as reading from disk or network, whereas CPU bound refers to a situation where a program is limited by the processing power of the CPU. In IO bound tasks, the CPU tends to be idle while waiting for IO operations to complete, while in CPU bound tasks, the CPU is fully utilized.
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Does io have gravity?
Yes, Io, one of Jupiter's moons, does have gravity. It has a weaker gravitational pull compared to Earth due to its smaller size, but it is enough to keep objects on its surface.
What is io intensity?
IO intensity refers to the level of input/output operations being performed on a storage device or system. It measures how frequently data is being read from or written to the storage medium, and high IO intensity typically indicates a heavy workload that can impact performance.(IO stands for Input/Output)
What is the gravity of the moon Io relative to earth's gravity?
The surface gravity on Io is very low compared to Earth, due to its low mass, around 0.183g or 18.3% of the Earths pull at the surface. this is just a little more than the surface gravity on our own moon, which is about 16.5% of earths pull.
What is io's temperature range?
Io's surface temperature ranges from about -130°C (-202°F) to 120°C (248°F). This wide range is due to its proximity to Jupiter, which causes intense radiation and gravitational effects.
In young's double slit experiment the intensity of central maximum is Io what will be the intensity at the same site if one of the slits is closed?
If one of the slits is closed in Young's double-slit experiment, the intensity at the central maximum would reduce by half, from Io to Io/2. This is because when both slits are open, the waves from each slit interfere constructively at the central maximum, resulting in a maximum intensity. Closing one slit disrupts this constructive interference, leading to a reduction in intensity at the central maximum.
What are the causes of bottleneck in your computer system?
The fundamentals of computer performance in terms of program execution always has three factors that influence performance 1. CPU 2. Memory and 3. IO (Input/Output) Any performance bottleneck will be related to one of these. To overcome the bottleneck you may need to increase the CPU capability if it is CPU bound, increase the memory if it is memory bound and remove the IO blocks if it is IO bound
Why is it important for the scheduler to distinguish IO-bound programs from CPU-bound programs?
Any CPU will have an I/O which en ply external devices data transfers. The CPU internally will process data. While both are data bus they are definitely not the same
Distinguish between a CPU-bound process and an io- bound process?
A program is CPU bound if it would go faster if the CPU were faster, i.e. it spends the majority of its time simply using the CPU (doing calculations). A program that computes new digits of π will typically be CPU-bound, it's just crunching numbers. A program is I/O bound if it would go faster if the I/O subsystem was faster. Which exact I/O system is meant can vary; I typically associate it with disk. A program that looks through a huge file for some data will often be I/O bound, since the bottleneck is then the reading of the data from disk.
What do you understand by CPU-IO burst?
Waiting of IO burst called cpu burst
Difference between programmed IO and interrupt IO?
1.Programmed IO is the process of IO instruction written in computer program , where Interrupt Initiated IO is done by using interrupt and some special command. 2.The advantage of Interrupt Initiated IO is ,it is a time consuming process than Programmed IO. 3.In Programmed IO technique to transfer data,required constant motoring on peripheral by CPU,once data transfer is initiated, CPU have to wait for next transfer. In Interrupt Initiated IO once data transfer initiated ,CPU execute next program without wasting time and the interface keep monitoring the device. When the interface determines that the device is ready to transfer data, it generate an interrupt request,CPU stop the current task,execute the transferring process,and then return to the previous on-processing task.
Difference between batch operating system and multiprogrammed operating system?
multiprogramming-there is no way for single user to keep either cpu or the io divices busy at all times...
What is the main characteristic of Programmed IO?
Programmed IO requires the CPU to manually transfer data between a device and memory. The CPU must constantly check the status of the device to determine when data can be transferred. It is a simple and efficient method but can result in high CPU utilization and slow transfer speeds.
How do you xxplain how DMA offers an improvement over CPU programmed IO?
It offloads actual IO processing from CPU to the device hardware. This frequently allows the IO device to perform its operations on cycles that the CPU could not have made use of anyway, resulting in a double benefit.
Block diagram of 8257 dma controller?
it is a device to transfer the data directly between io device and memory without through the cpu so it performs a high-speed data transfer between memory and io device
What are the advantages of memory mapped IO?
Memory mapped IO uses a portion of RAM to handle IO requests. In this manner, instructions the CPU uses for reading and writing memory can also be used for IO, reducing the circuitry needed. This makes the CPU simpler, cheaper and more effecient.
How does a device initiate communication with the CPU?
io/mem wire?
What is meant by process aging?
Process aging is the mechanism of the kernel scheduler of slowly reducing the execution priority of the process (more specifically the threads in a process) when that process or thread stays compute bound (or CPU pinned) for more than a short period of time. This mechanism allows CPU intensive processes to run at a lower priority than IO intensive (or especially interactive) processes. It is a compromise between performance and responsiveness.
