You may be referring to what is called torus (plural: Tori). These boney growths are a result of physical stresses on the jaw. These stresses may be a result of growth patterns, poor occlusion, or nocturnal grinding or clenching. As you stated on the discussion page, they can be removed by surgery.
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Calcium deposits on the gums can be caused by poor oral hygiene, which leads to the accumulation of plaque and tartar on the teeth and gums. These deposits can calcify over time and form hard mineralized deposits. It is important to maintain good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing, flossing, and dental cleanings, to prevent calcium deposits on the gums.
Calcium deposits in the brain, also known as calcifications, are typically not caused by glands. They can be due to a variety of reasons, such as past infections, trauma, or abnormalities in calcium metabolism. In most cases, these calcifications are not cancerous, but further evaluation by a healthcare provider is recommended.
The antonym of calcium would be a substance that removes or depletes calcium from a system, such as a calcium chelator or calcium antagonist.
Calcium is in group 2/IIA, so the other elements in that group would be expected to behave most like calcium.
Insoluble salts like calcium carbonate can help soften water by removing excess calcium and magnesium ions through precipitation. This process reduces the hardness of water, making it more suitable for household use and preventing the buildup of scale in pipes and appliances.
CaCO3 + H2CO3(aq) -> CaCO3 + H2CO3(aq) There is nothing to drive any sort of reaction at conditions near STP. At elevated temperatures such as would be found in a cement kiln, the calcium carbonate would decompose to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide while the carbonic acid would have long since evaporated to give water vapor and carbon dioxide.