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Properties Endotoxin Exotoxin
Chemical nature Lipopolysaccharide protein
Mol Weight 10 kDa 50-1000 kDa
Relationship to cell Part of outer membrane Extracellular
Heat effect Not denatured Denatured
Can be toxoided No Yes
Specificity Low High
Pyrogenicity Yes Occasional
Produced by G-ve bacteria G+ve bacteria
Antigenicity Poor Good
Endotoxins are part of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria and are released when the bacteria die, causing an inflammatory immune response in the host. Exotoxins are proteins secreted by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that can cause specific harmful effects in the host, such as cell damage or alteration of normal cellular function.
Exotoxins are purposefully released by the bacteria into the surrounding environment.
Endotoxins are lipid components of cell wall of gram negative bacteria, and only get released when the cell lyses (dies).
Both can cause sever illnesses.
Endotoxin are substance released by gram negative bacteria from their lipopolysacharide outer membrane. While endospore are formed by some microbes during unfavoubrale condition like harsh temprature or pressure or low or inadequate supply of food. These endospore are resistant to heat and pH upto great extent and can live in that latent form for thousand of years
An endospore is formed within the bacteria under unfavourable condition and when the bacteria lyses it can only be destroyed in a lab using very high tech equipment. A capsule is a sticky outer layer that is composed of polysaccharide or protein, some protect against dehydration.
EXOTOXINS;these are released by the bacteria into external medium in which they grow.these are nothing but the byproducts of metabolism.these are mainly released by gram +ve bacteria and clostridium species.these are soluble in water also.these are chemically nothing but the high molecular weight,proteins,and engymes.they are thermolabile.toxic to body.
EX;diphtherial toxoid,tetanus toxoid etc.
ENDOTOXINS;these are present in the bacteria and are released only after death and degradation of bacteria.these are chemical constituents or structural units of bacteria.these are mainly released by gram -ve bacteria.these are insoluble in water.these are chemically nothing but the phospholipids,polysaccharides,proteins.they are not thermolabile.not much toxic to body.
EX;vibrio cholera,pasturella pestis,salmonella typhi,bordetella pertusis etc
Exotoxins are toxic substances secreted by bacteria and released outside of the cell. Whereas Endotoxins are bacterial toxins composed of lipids that are within a cell.
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Is botox an endotoxin or exotoxin?
Botox is an exotoxin. It is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and acts to inhibit neurotransmitter release, leading to a temporary paralysis of muscles.
What exotoxin is produced from phage?
Exotoxin produced from a bacteriophage is called diphtheria toxin. It is produced by certain strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria when infected by a specific bacteriophage carrying the gene for the toxin.
Which bacteria produces an exotoxin causing toxic shock syndrome?
Staphylococcus aureus is the bacterium that produces an exotoxin (specifically, TSST-1 toxin) responsible for causing toxic shock syndrome.
What can Endotoxin in sterile injectable drugs cause?
Endotoxin in sterile injectable drugs can cause severe systemic inflammatory response known as endotoxemia, resulting in symptoms such as fever, chills, hypotension, and potentially fatal outcomes like septic shock. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure strict quality control measures to prevent endotoxin contamination in sterile injectable drugs.
Does bortella pertussis produce exotoxin?
Yes, Bordetella pertussis produces an exotoxin called pertussis toxin. This toxin plays a key role in the pathogenesis of whooping cough by interfering with the host's immune response and contributing to the characteristic symptoms of the disease.
Is whooping cough endotoxin?
no it is exotoxin , as its a gram positve baceria
Is botox an endotoxin or exotoxin?
Botox is an exotoxin. It is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and acts to inhibit neurotransmitter release, leading to a temporary paralysis of muscles.
What is a virulence factor for diphtheria?
The virulence factor for diphtheria is an exotoxin named diphtheria exotoxin.
What does the toxin Endotoxin do?
The amount of endotoxin in protein, peptide or antibody samples is measured by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test with an endotoxin kit. The concentration of endotoxin in the test specimens is calculated by the LAL kit by chromogenic signal in the presence of endotoxin. This measurement is performed on a microplagin absorption reader at 405 nm. Protein and antibody samples are measured every 30 minutes. The importance of determining the level of endotoxin in evaluating the effectiveness of endotoxin removal methods as well as preventing endotoxic shocks and animals injected with endotoxin-contaminated proteins is very important.
Is endotoxin an exogenous pyrogen?
true
What exotoxin is produced from phage?
Exotoxin produced from a bacteriophage is called diphtheria toxin. It is produced by certain strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria when infected by a specific bacteriophage carrying the gene for the toxin.
Is an endotoxin an A-B toxin?
The term "endotoxin" is a bit wonky. Originally, it was intended solely to mean a toxin(s) not secreted by the bacterium cell until after cell death. Since then, however, the term has come to refer to the cell wall components of Gram-negative bacteria, most specifically lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the case of the term "endotoxin" referring to LPS, then, no -- LPS is a sole toxin (an "A"). However, when the more general meaning of the term "endotoxin" is used, the toxin released may be an A-B toxin.
Which bacteria produces an exotoxin causing toxic shock syndrome?
Staphylococcus aureus is the bacterium that produces an exotoxin (specifically, TSST-1 toxin) responsible for causing toxic shock syndrome.
What is endogenous endotoxin?
Endogenous endotoxin refers to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that are produced by the body's own cells, particularly gut bacteria. These endotoxins can trigger an immune response and contribute to inflammation and other health issues when released into the bloodstream.
What can Endotoxin in sterile injectable drugs cause?
Endotoxin in sterile injectable drugs can cause severe systemic inflammatory response known as endotoxemia, resulting in symptoms such as fever, chills, hypotension, and potentially fatal outcomes like septic shock. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure strict quality control measures to prevent endotoxin contamination in sterile injectable drugs.
Does bortella pertussis produce exotoxin?
Yes, Bordetella pertussis produces an exotoxin called pertussis toxin. This toxin plays a key role in the pathogenesis of whooping cough by interfering with the host's immune response and contributing to the characteristic symptoms of the disease.
What is is a rod or capsule shaped bacterium?
Bacillus Cereus is a rod bacteria. Found in dry cereals it is a common cause of exotoxin associated gastroenteritis.
