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Properties Endotoxin Exotoxin
Chemical nature Lipopolysaccharide protein
Mol Weight 10 kDa 50-1000 kDa
Relationship to cell Part of outer membrane Extracellular
Heat effect Not denatured Denatured
Can be toxoided No Yes
Specificity Low High
Pyrogenicity Yes Occasional
Produced by G-ve bacteria G+ve bacteria
Antigenicity Poor Good
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ReneEndotoxins are part of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria and are released when the bacteria die, causing an inflammatory immune response in the host. Exotoxins are proteins secreted by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that can cause specific harmful effects in the host, such as cell damage or alteration of normal cellular function.
Endotoxin are substance released by gram negative bacteria from their lipopolysacharide outer membrane. While endospore are formed by some microbes during unfavoubrale condition like harsh temprature or pressure or low or inadequate supply of food. These endospore are resistant to heat and pH upto great extent and can live in that latent form for thousand of years
An endospore is formed within the bacteria under unfavourable condition and when the bacteria lyses it can only be destroyed in a lab using very high tech equipment. A capsule is a sticky outer layer that is composed of polysaccharide or protein, some protect against dehydration.
EXOTOXINS;these are released by the bacteria into external medium in which they grow.these are nothing but the byproducts of metabolism.these are mainly released by gram +ve bacteria and clostridium species.these are soluble in water also.these are chemically nothing but the high molecular weight,proteins,and engymes.they are thermolabile.toxic to body.
EX;diphtherial toxoid,tetanus toxoid etc.
ENDOTOXINS;these are present in the bacteria and are released only after death and degradation of bacteria.these are chemical constituents or structural units of bacteria.these are mainly released by gram -ve bacteria.these are insoluble in water.these are chemically nothing but the phospholipids,polysaccharides,proteins.they are not thermolabile.not much toxic to body.
EX;vibrio cholera,pasturella pestis,salmonella typhi,bordetella pertusis etc
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Is botox an endotoxin or exotoxin?
Botox is an exotoxin. It is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and acts to inhibit neurotransmitter release, leading to a temporary paralysis of muscles.
What exotoxin is produced from phage?
Exotoxin produced from a bacteriophage is called diphtheria toxin. It is produced by certain strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria when infected by a specific bacteriophage carrying the gene for the toxin.
Which bacteria produces an exotoxin causing toxic shock syndrome?
Staphylococcus aureus is the bacterium that produces an exotoxin (specifically, TSST-1 toxin) responsible for causing toxic shock syndrome.
What can Endotoxin in sterile injectable drugs cause?
Endotoxin in sterile injectable drugs can cause severe systemic inflammatory response known as endotoxemia, resulting in symptoms such as fever, chills, hypotension, and potentially fatal outcomes like septic shock. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure strict quality control measures to prevent endotoxin contamination in sterile injectable drugs.
Does bortella pertussis produce exotoxin?
Yes, Bordetella pertussis produces an exotoxin called pertussis toxin. This toxin plays a key role in the pathogenesis of whooping cough by interfering with the host's immune response and contributing to the characteristic symptoms of the disease.
