Xenon has five electron shells.
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Nitrogen (N) is atomic number 7, so has 7 electrons in the ground state. The configuration is1s2 2s2 2p3. From this, one can see that the 1s is full, as is the 2s. So, the number of completely filled orbitals is TWO.
Selenium has four half-filled orbitals - the 4s, 4p_x, 4p_y, and 4p_z orbitals. This is because selenium has four electrons in its 4th energy level.
It is based on many factors, but the easiest to understand is ENERGY. The orbitals in which the electron has the lowest energy are filled FIRST.
A bromine atom has 7 half-filled orbitals: one in the 4s orbital, three in the 4p orbitals, and three in the 4d orbitals.
Looking at the electron configuration of carbon (at. no. 6) you have 1s2 2s2 2p2. In the 2 p subshell, you have 1 electron in the 2px orbital, and 1 electron in the 2py orbital and no electrons in the 2pz orbital. So, the answer is that there are TWO half filled orbitals in the carbon atom. This is the case BEFORE hybridization. After hybridization, there are FOUR half filled orbitals which are called sp3 hybrids.