Because of a lack of vitamins & minerals that come from fruits while at sea. Obviously, fruits aren't available at sea, a dried fruits lose some of their nutrition value. Scurvy is caused specifically by a lack of vitamin C.
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British sailors were issued lime juice as a remedy for scurvy.
scurvy
The Royal Navy fed it's sailors limes in the days of sail when voyages took much longer and refridgerators etc were not around to prevent scurvy.
They were called limeys (short for lime juicer). To prevent scurvy, fresh lime juice was used on British warships.
Cook famously circumnavigated the World without losing a single man from Scurvy.