No, it was never officially a part of the Soviet Union.
After Mongolia broke away from China in the 1910's, China tried to retake it. A Russian anti-communist army invaded around 1920 and defeated the Chinese; then the Soviets organized a Mongolian communist revolt, which was eventually successful. When the Japanese invaded Mongolia in 1939, the Soviets defeated the Japanese army at the famous battle of Khalkhin Gol.
So Mongolia and the USSR were very close allies and Soviet policies tended to be copied in Mongolia right up until the breakup of the Soviet Union in the early 1990's- Mongolia's communist government also broke up around that same time.
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Belarus and Ukraine were part of the Soviet Union. Romania was not.
No, China is not part of the Soviet Union and never has been. In fact, as of December 8, 1991, no country is "part of the Soviet Unon" because the Soviet Union was dissolved and no longer exists.
Finland was never part of Soviet Union but it gained it's Independency from Russia.
There isn't soviet union anymore it was Russia and many other countries together but then they divided the soviet union. Most part of the soviet union was Russia.
Romania was not a part of Soviet Union (excepting Northern Bukovina and Bassarabia).