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Wet granulation is used to improve the flowability of the particles, increase the uniformity of the contents of the drug, unify the size of the particles, reduce the segregation of different components of the drug, and to increase the density of the material. Due to the advantages of wet granulation, it is the most common granulation method in the pharmaceutical industry.
During wet granulation, a solution is sprayed onto the powder. This leads to the formation of liquid bridges between the particles of the powder, causing the powder to cluster together in the form of granules. This process happens in four steps: pendular, funicular, capillary, and droplet. As these steps sometimes occur at the same time, it can be difficult to determine the endpoint of this process. Powder consumption can hence be used to determine the endpoint instead.
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What is the difference between dry granulation and wet granulation?
Wet meaning you wet the ground first with a hose
What are the disadvantages of wet granulation?
As wet granulation requires multiple steps for extra blending, granulation, and drying, it can be time-consuming. Wet granulation is also unsuitable for water sensitive active pharmaceutical ingredients due to their incompatibilities with water. As the granule are dried in elevated temperatures, the high temperatures may lead to instability. Failure to accurately determine the endpoint of the wet granulation process may also lead to compaction and dissolution problems. The material may also stick to the walls of the machine during the process instead of being added to the granules.
Why are binders added in solid dosage forms of drugs?
Binders are added in wet or dry form to cohesively hold the active pharmaceutical ingredient together with other inactive ingredients. To increase their effectiveness, they can be added as a solution.
What are the advantages of roller compaction over wet granulation?
Roller compaction can continuously produce tablets whereas wet granulation produces tablets in batches. Roller compaction is also simpler with fewer steps and it requires less equipment and floor space. As roller compaction requires less time and energy, it is less expensive than wet granulation.
What is the difference between wet granulation and dry granulation?
The dry granulation process is used to form granules without using a liquid solution because the product to be granulated may be sensitive to moisture and heatWet granulation involves the massing of a mix of dry primary powder particles using a granulating fluid (the process of adding a liquid solution to powders). The fluid contains a solvent which must be volatile so that it can be removed by drying, and be non-toxic
What are the methods of granulation?
There are two types of granulation they are Wet Granulation and Dry Granulation.Wet granulation and dry granulation depends on the type of fertilizer granulators and whether adding water during granulation.In general, Roll Extrusion Granulator(Azeus Fertilizer Machinery) is dry granulation machine. It requires moisture of raw materials less than 40% and no water added during granulation. So, it's compound fertilizer granules are also dry, in long-stick shape.But, as for New-type Granulator(organic fertilizer by Azeus Fertilizer Machinery) and Pan Granulator (both organic and compound fertilizer), with required a low moisture of raw materials, water must be add during granulation. Or, the fertilizer granulation will fail.
Which method of manufacture is the least expensive for prescription drugs?
Dry granulation processes create granules by light compaction of the powder blend under low pressures. The compacts so-formed are broken up gently to produce granules (agglomerates). This process is often used when the product to be granulated is sensitive to moisture and heat. Dry granulation can be conducted on a tablet press using slugging tooling or on a roll press called a roller compactor. Dry granulation equipment offers a wide range of pressures to attain proper densification and granule formation. Dry granulation is simpler than wet granulation, therefore the cost is reduced. However, dry granulation often produces a higher percentage of fine granules, which can compromise the quality or create yield problems for the tablet. Dry granulation requires drugs or excipients with cohesive properties, and a 'dry binder' may need to be added to the formulation to facilitate the formation of granules.
What is the reason for doing wet granulation for tablet?
1. To improve segregation of the constituents of the powder mix. 2. To improve the flow properties of the mix. 3. To improve the compaction of the mix.
Advantages of Wet Granulation?
1. Cost EffectivenessThe prime advantage of wet granulation is economic since it requires fewer unit operations. This means less equipment, lower power consumption, less space, less time and less labor leading to reduced production cost of tablets.2. Stabilitywet granulation is more suitable for moisture and heat sensitive APIs, since it eliminates drying steps and increases the stability of active ingredientsby reducing detrimental effects. Changes indissolution profiles are less likely to occur in tablets made by wet granulation on storage than in those made from granulations. This is extremely important because the official compendium now requires dissolution specifications in most solid dosage forms.3. Faster DissolutionDisintegration or dissolution is the rate limiting step in absorption in the case of tablets of poorly soluble API prepared by wet granulation.4. Less wear & tear of punchesThe high compaction pressure involved in the production of tablets by slugging or roller compaction can be avoided by adopting wet granulation. The chances of wear and tear of punches and dies are less.5. Simplified ValidationMaterials are "in process" for a shorter period of time, resulting in less chance for contamination or cross contamination, and making it easier to meet the requirement of current good manufacturing practices. Due to fewer unit operations, the validation and documentation requirements are reduced.
What are the advantages of using a fluid bed to form granules?
Dry granulation requires specialised heavy duty tablet presses to form slugs or roller compacters to produce ribbons. High compression forces are needed to produce tablets and this may affect their dissolution rate. The material also have to be compressed for cohesive properties. In addition, dry granulation often produce a large amount of fines and they may result in cross-contamination.
How are tablets manufactured in wet granulation?
The drug is first mixed with the diluent and the dye. They are milled together to produce a fine powder. The powder is then mixed by a trough, ribbon or paddle mixer to form a mixed powder. Next, the mixed powder undergoes wet granulation with granulating fluid and binder to form a damp mass. It is then sieved to form wet granules. These wet granules are dried overnight or fluidised on bed driers for about 30 minutes so that they only have a moisture content of 1 to 5%. The dry granules formed are mixed with lubricants and disintegrants to form a mixed granule. After undergoing compression, a tablet is formed.
What is the difference between crospovidone and croscarmellose?
Crospovidone and croscarmellose are both types of super-disintegrants used in pharmaceutical formulations to help tablets break down quickly in the digestive system. Crospovidone is a synthetic polymer made from N-vinylpyrrolidone, while croscarmellose is a cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Crospovidone tends to have faster disintegration properties compared to croscarmellose.
