Upon initial antigen challenge, B cells with specific surface receptors that match the antigen become activated. These activated B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies targeting the antigen. Additionally, some B cells can also become memory B cells to mount a faster and more robust immune response upon subsequent exposures.
Helper T cells recognize the receptor-antigen complex and cause plasma and memory cells to be produced to then produce antibodies.
Langerhans cells are a subset of dendritic cells that reside in the epidermis (Part of the immune system). They have long dendrites (like arms) that capture antigen in the skin, and when they find an antigen, they migrate to lymph nodes and present to T cells allowing the adaptive immune system to respond.
HBs antigen is an acronym for Hepatits B like antigens found in the blood cells They are the ones that assist the body to respond to any foreign antibody pertaining to that antigen.
Naive antigen-nonspecific T cells do not become activated since they lack the T cell receptor specificity for the particular antigen being presented. They do not respond to IL-2 secreted by the activated antigen-specific T cells and remain in a resting state until they encounter an antigen to which they are specific.
Memory B cells and memory T cells carry the record of the first exposure to an antigen in the body. These cells are generated during the initial immune response and remain in the body to provide a faster and stronger immune response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.
Humoral immunity
Langerhans cells are a subset of dendritic cells that reside in the epidermis (Part of the immune system). They have long dendrites (like arms) that capture antigen in the skin, and when they find an antigen, they migrate to lymph nodes and present to T cells allowing the adaptive immune system to respond.
Langerhans cells are a subset of dendritic cells that reside in the epidermis (Part of the immune system). They have long dendrites (like arms) that capture antigen in the skin, and when they find an antigen, they migrate to lymph nodes and present to T cells allowing the adaptive immune system to respond.
Tolerance exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen. All cells and tissues in the body contain antigens that normally do not stimulate an immune response. The immune system is said to exhibit tolerance toward such antigens.
Langerhans cells are a subset of dendritic cells that reside in the epidermis (Part of the immune system). They have long dendrites (like arms) that capture antigen in the skin, and when they find an antigen, they migrate to lymph nodes and present to T cells allowing the adaptive immune system to respond.
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are nonlymphocyte cells that play a central role in clonal selection. They present antigens to T cells, triggering the immune response and selection of specific clones of T cells that can recognize and respond to the antigen.