You can find emeralds in minecraft in Extreme Hills or Extreme Hills Edge - you must be in this biome! Next, you must be at least at layer 32 or below. It is common to find only one or two in a vein, so don't worry if you only find just one! There is a wiki article in the related links for more information.
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They are only in the 1.3.1 update and you have to look for them like you have to look for diamonds :P
You have to use a Iron Pickaxe to dig Emeralds ( Found in Extreme hills biome )
you can either find them in extreme hills biome and extreme hills edge biome or you trade them with villagers. Answer from Andy.
If you are asking if you can just find weapons lying around in Minecraft, that is impossible. The two ways to get weapons in Minecraft are by, 1. Crafting them in a Crafting Bench, and, 2. By trading Emeralds to Villagers that are offering them.
dimond