It is called "Runite", and requires mining level 85. Non-members can only mine it in the Wilderness (level fourty-something), which is very dangerous, mainly because of the Revenants.
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The best ore to mine in free to play would be iron ore. Iron ore should be mined until level 99 in free to play and until level 65 in pay to play. Iron ore mines much faster than coal and re-spawns extremely fast. At level 65 in pay to play mine granite until level 77, then at level 77 mine concentrated coal until level 80, then at level 80 mining mine concentrated gold until level 99.
there are runite rocks in the mining guild and in wilderness.(go to mining guild but requires 45 dungeneering)safer.
To mine rune essence you must first complete the rune mysteries quest then talk to aubury in the varrock rune shop or sedridor in the basement of the wizards tower also you must have 30 mining to mine rune essence. If you don't want to finish the quest or mine you could simply buy it in the grand exchange or from another player. The current price is 43gp each. 12/09/2010 - actually you don't need to be level 30 in mining to mine rune essence all you need to have done is completed the quest rune mysteries. and the current price for rune essence is 76gp max price in the grand exchange in varrock
Of couse!If your asking about nonmember monsters, then there is the level 83 lesser demon that has a rare rune medium helmet drop. There is the level 82 Cockroach Soldier that has a rare drop of a rune scimitar or a rune kiteshield. It also rarely drops runite ore. Greater demons also drop rune items: they are found at the demonic ruins and in the Wilderness Volcano.For more info check out the RuneScape wikia website.
You can buy them at the Grand Exchange. Although, it is preffered that you mine iron ore and smelt the ore into bars to raise your mining and smithing level and earn you profit.