The Master Chief is a Spartan II. All of the Spartans from Halo: Reach (excluding Jorge) are Spartan III's. Also, there is no such thing as a Spartan I in the Halo universe. They were called ORION soldiers. After the ORION Project failed, Dr. Halsey made modifications to it and renamed the Spartan II Project.
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In Halo 3, you play as the Master Chief, the last surviving super-soldier of the Spartan II group. In Halo 3: ODST, you play as an ODST instead of the Master Chief. There are also different weapons in ODST.
In halo 1,2, and 3, the only spartan there is is master chief, or John 117. In halo reach there are still a group of Spartans left, until the end when they all die.
In Halo 1-3 you can play as him you dont have to do anything special to get him
"Master Chief(117) is not dead. If you watch the ending credits after you beat the last level on Legendary (yes, you have to be patient), you'd see he steps into a cryo tube and tell Cortana "Wake me when you need me" after Cortana sends a signal back to Earth. You the the part of the ship that Master Chief is in floating towards a unknown planet. If you listen closely to the music and look closely at what is reflecting the light you will recognize and know what that "unknown planet" is.
In Halo 3, 343 Guilty Spark tells the chief "You are the child of my makers, inheritor of all they left behind. You are forerunner"