minecraft shouldn't take more than 1 or 2 gigs of free memory if you are not doing much(example, mining, idling on singleplayer)
If you are on a heavy traffic Minecraft server, or if you have a lot of mods, Minecraft could use from 4 to 10 gigs of free ram.
If you are asking about hard drive, it can be around one half to one gig of hard drive space.
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A little bit above 1 GB
Fix your Java, for example if you have a 32bit pc, use 32java, if you have a 64bit pc, use java 64 bit, or clean out your cache and memory, minecraft needs to have good performace and good backup space (~1 GB)
Depends on how much RAM you have if you have a good amount 6 gigabytes or more is pretty good for minecraft than you can search how to dedicate ram to minecraft. Or just watch this video...
Minecraft's recommended amount of specs is to have at least 1 GB of space, however the absolute bare minimum is 500MB. With 3 - 4GB's, you should be good to play on some higher settings!
12.00 Gb for PC