There is no "Money" in Vanilla minecraft (original, unmodded version). You can only "trade" with NPC villagers, give them one or two of something they want and they will give you something in exchange.
If you want to give something or trade with someone then just throw it on the ground and they can then pick it up.
If your on a modded server then ask one of the admins to tell you how.
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No
Minecraft is a onetime Purchase not every game is a pay to play...pay to play meaning you pay per month to play.
You can pay for minecraft in any currency: it automatically converts. In pounds sterling it is around £13.
No, you only have to pay to upgrade to premium.
Minecraft is not free because a company has the right to charge (or not) for any product or service it creates. Minecraft is video game that 10's of millions of people play and you can play forever as there is no end to your imagination!