You can join any server, no matter what type of computer you're using. If you mean do you have to have the same mods as a modded server to join, yes, you do.
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a video game server, for example:you can make your own server on minecraft and you can join someones
Bukkit is an Minecraft Server Hosting software.
The server software is provided free of charge, to solve server out of date problem you just need to download the new vanilla (default, official) (I'm assuming that you use this server software because you are asking about this) server software that will be uploaded some time after the update, your IP can remain the same. The Link is located in Related Links You then replace the Minecraft-server.jar in your server's folder with the one included in the download. For more information see the Minecraft forums
You need the server software first. Once you get the server set up, you can copy your save to the server.
No, you do not. You can host a Minecraft server as long as you have connection. Please note that you need to open your ports on your router to make a Minecraft server. If you do not have access to this, you can download a VPN-software like Hamachi or Cisco.