This question has a few answers.
With your everday table wine:
If the bottle is unopened and on it's side, it will last quite a while. It won't spoil. The problem will be that the overall quality of wine will be comprimised. Wine is made to be kept at specific temperatures to remain healthy.
If the bottle is opened, it'll last a few days, but the quality will definitely be severly comprmised, if not totally unpalatable.
Everything also depends on the wine..
As far as the fine wines, don't put a bottle over $30 in the fridge.
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An opened bottle of white wine will stay fresh in the fridge for at least several months, and sometimes for years.
However it's best to seal it or even cover the lid. Oxygen in the fridge will convert the alcohol into carboxylic acid, basically turning your expensive wine into expensive vinegar.
Although this takes some time (roughly 2 weeks open at room temp, it may last a lot longer in the fridge.) this process starts as soon as the bottle has been opened. Over night you may only notice a slight change in taste, apart from that the wine is perfectly safe to drink or even better cook with.
7 days at most. There are only 4 six oz glass in a bottle so enjoy one every night and you will never have to worry about it going bad.
Wine that has not been opened can be kept for many years in a refrigerator if stored on its side so as to keep the cork moist.