The sun in Tolkien's universe was made by the Valar (i.e. angelic beings, subservient to the one God Eru) created the sun and hallowed, so the light of the sun is holy and good. Goblins were created in darkness (in the depths of the dungeons of Utumno, by the Dark Lord Morgoth)(effectively the Devil) and find contact with all things good (like light) painful. This is a common theme in Tolkien's books - evil beings are confounded by objects imbued with the power of good - Gollum can't even abide touching elven rope or elven food, Morgoth's hands are literally burned by touching the Silmarils, the Ringwraiths shy at approaching a clean river, even the name of Elbereth is said to be power at times.
That at least is the in universe answer. More broadly, evil things fearing light is something of a trope in many cultures. In particular, Tolkien was a devout Roman Catholic and he seems to have incorporated many broadly Christian ideas into Middle Earth. In Christianity, goodness and God are often associate with light and in particular the sun. Think of the traditional image of heaven as clouds or the presence of God symbolized as the sun's light emerging from behind clouds. Have you ever seen heaven depicted at night? If day and the sun are associated with good and God, the Devil and evil are associated with night and darkness. I do not know whether Tolkien decided consciously to make this parallel in Middle Earth.
wargs
Goblins build devices that are designed to hurt many people at once. They hate everyone, so they want to hurt everyone and make it as painful as they can. the "ingenious" inventions they build do no good for anyone, they just do bad
the goblin cleaver is a sword that the goblins are terrified of, and hated it.
They called it the Front Door. The Back Door was the cave where the party had sheltered from the storm.
It was the Battle of Five Armies. The armies were the humans, elves and dwarves against the wargs and the goblins.
the goblins
wargs
There are hundreds of goblins in The Hobbit. You probably want to know the names of the 3 trolls. They were William, Bert and Tom.
In the book the Hobbit they do speak.
Goblins build devices that are designed to hurt many people at once. They hate everyone, so they want to hurt everyone and make it as painful as they can. the "ingenious" inventions they build do no good for anyone, they just do bad
Gandalf
The leader of the Goblins of the Misty Mountains in the Hobbit was called simply The Great Goblin. After the death of the Great Goblin, the goblins of the Misty Mountains were ruled by Bolg, son of Azog.... who knew there were female orcs...
Goblins.
The goblins took them
When the dwarves and Bilbo were captured, so were all of the ponies. The goblins ate the ponies.
the goblin cleaver is a sword that the goblins are terrified of, and hated it.
Bilbo and the dwarves are caught first by trolls, then by goblins. they are trapped up in a tree because of goblins and Wargs