Voldemort was in hiding. He couldn't just walk into the Ministry and grab the prophecy from the shelf.
He tried to get an unspeakable to steal it or him but the only people who can remove are prophecy are those it involves so he lured Harry Potter there to get it for him.
Voldemort never planned on staying long enough for the Ministry wizards to see him.
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The prophecy that Sybill Trelawney made stated this: "One must die at the hand of the other for neither can live while the other survives" This prophecy refers earlier to Voldemort and Harry OR Neville - however Voldemort didn't realise at the time that it could have been either child and only thought it was referring to Harry. Thus the war began. So the section of the prophecy above is basically saying that only one of them can live in the end and whoever dies must be killed by the other. ie Harry must kill Voldemort or Voldemort must kill Harry. So therefore, since Voldemort isn't planning on dying, he must kill Harry himself as the prophecy states it.
Voldemort hated his father because he left his mother after discovering she was a witch, which eventually led to her death and Voldemort being raised in an orphanage.
Actually it all starts with Dumbledore and Proffesor Trelawney. Trelawney wasnt a teacher at the time and had applied for the job. They both met at Hog's Head( a place in Hogesmade). When Dumbledore was interviewing Trelawney, she went into a trance and made the prophecy. She had only started but a Death Eater was also present at Hog's Head at the time. This Death Eater was Severus Snape. (That time he was Voldemort's true servant and not a spy for Dumbledore)Snape had heard only part of the prophecy before Dumbledore had realised he was there. Snape escaped and told Voldemort the only part he had heard(the first half). Voldemort set out to analyse the prophecy. This is all Snape had heard from Trelawney: "The one with the power to vanquish the dark lord approaches.....born to those who have thrice defied him...born as the seventh month dies...the dark lord will mark him his equal but he will have power the dark lord knows not........" Had Snape known that Voldemort would think it was Lily Potter's son, he would not have told him what he had heard.
Little Hangleton was a muggle town where the Gaunt family (Voldemort's mother) and Riddle family (Voldemort's family) lived. Voldemort himself, never lived there. His lived his whole childhood in a muggle orphanage. Voldemort did spend time in his grandparents old house when he was working on getting his body back. There is no mention of Dumbledore ever living there.
No one, he made up this name himself. His real name is Tom Marvolo Riddle; he rearranged the letters of his name to form the phrase "I am Lord Voldemort", as can be witnessed in Harry Potter 2. It should be noted that Voldemort comes from the French "vol de la mort," meaning "flight of death."