There isn't a specific spell used to create darkness, but there is Lumos, which is a light spell which makes the casters wand light up and the spell Nox cancels it out. In the books and in the sixth movie Peruvian Instant Darkness Powder is used to create a dark smoke that allows you to get away without being seen. Draco Malfoy uses it when helping Death Eaters into the castle, holding his Hand of Glory which is a shrivelled old hand holding a candle which provides light only to the user.
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luna lovegood uses this spell to fix harry's nose after draco malfoy breaks it. this was in the sixth book.
I never heard the word "patration" in the context of Harry Potter (or otherwise). Check the spelling - perhaps you spelled it wrong.
It was the result of a spell. However, since this didn't occur in the book it is not known what spell was used.
Harry Potter's patronus takes the shape of a stag, the animagus and patronus form of his father. The Patronus spell is used against Dementors but can also be used as a method of communication.
Finite incantatem. It does other stuff too, but that is one of them:) ~PippiQ Pembrooke